Virginia Department of Education's Training and Technical Assistance Center at Virginia Commonwealth University

Scaffolding is an essential instructional strategy that helps bridge the gap between what students currently know and what they are capable of with guidance. Originating from Vygotsky’s (1978) zone of proximal development, scaffolding involves providing temporary supports that enable learners to perform tasks they could not accomplish independently. As students gain understanding and confidence, these […]

It seems like every year we wonder about teacher talk versus student talk. Am I talking too much during instruction? Are all of the students engaged in opportunities to respond? As teachers, coaches, and administrators, we often reflect on whether instruction is student-centered. Sometimes it feels like we’re doing everything right, but the students still […]

Teachers often revisit the question at the beginning of the school year: Is homework an unnecessary burden or is it a valuable pedagogical practice? The debate has persisted for decades with little change in public opinion or the amount of homework assigned. According to Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University, […]

Today’s educators face the ongoing challenge of providing high-quality instruction to increasingly diverse student populations. As classrooms grow more varied in terms of learning needs, language backgrounds, and abilities, teachers must seek effective strategies to ensure that every student receives meaningful, personalized instruction. One such strategy, small group instruction, has gained recognition for its ability […]

Have you been thinking about science instruction lately? Are you wondering how to help students “to pry” open visuals like diagrams, graphs, and tables? TPRY is the cognitive strategy you are looking for! TPRY is a learner-owned mnemonic strategy that captures the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) practice of Developing and Using Models. Although it […]

Professional development (PD) is the primary way in which knowledge, skills, and information are shared with teachers. The general approach to PD involves initial training; teachers are expected to take the presented information back to their respective classrooms and implement it, often with little to no follow-up (Saunders et al., 2021). This traditional model of […]

We have been listening to you! Based on your requests, we have curated more assistive technology (AT) devices for you to trial with your students of all ages. Check out these materials that were added to our library recently! Lights, Camera, Action!!! For the culinary artists in your classroom Switches, switches, and more switches!! Choosing […]

Imagine a classroom where even reluctant writers feel empowered to express their ideas. That is the promise of the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model—an approach that combines writing strategies and self-regulation to transform how students learn to write. Originally designed to support students with disabilities, SRSD has been effective for writers of all levels, helping […]

Instructional coaching in K–12 education supports teachers and improves student outcomes. Two primary coaching approaches, coaching light and coaching heavy, provide specific strategies for facilitating growth. Coaching light is relationship-focused, providing resources and advice to teachers without addressing deeper instructional issues. This approach builds trust and creates a foundation for collaboration, making it a starting […]

The definition of specific learning disorder (SLD) in the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition) states that a specific learning disorder is a disorder with impairments in mathematics, reading, or written expression (Dyscalculia.org, 2019, para. 7). If you were to replace those three keywords with three “dys” words, mathematics could be […]